Author :
Abstract
Literatür taraması ile yürütülen bir karşılaştırmalı eğitim araştırması niteliğindeki bu çalışmanın amacı, İzlanda eğitim sistemini ortaya koyarak Türk eğitim sistemi açısından çıkarımlarda bulunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada öncelikle İzlanda’nın coğrafi, siyasi ve ekonomik yapısı incelenmiş; İzlanda eğitim sisteminin yönetsel ve okul yapılanmaları ile eğitim süreci boyutu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmada son olarak, uluslararası kuruluşların raporları ve bazı istatistikler doğrultusunda iki ülke eğitim sistemi karşılaştırılarak Türk eğitim sistemi için çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur. Buna göre her iki ülke de eğitim politikası ve amaçları, yönetim yapılanması ve okul türü çeşitliliği açısından benzer özellikler taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte İzlanda’da kısmen de olsa eğitimden belediyeler de sorumludur. İki ülke arasındaki en temel farklardan birisi, İzlanda’da liseye ve üniversiteye kayıtta merkezi sınava girmenin tercihe bırakılmasıdır. Sonuç olarak İzlanda eğitim sisteminin örnek uygulamalarından söz etmek mümkün olsa da ülke nüfusu ve demografik özellikleri de dikkate alındığında Türkiye için aynı uygulamaların benzer sonuçlar vermesi mümkün olmayabilir
Keywords
Abstract
The aim of this study as a comparative educational research conducted by literature review is to find out the Icelandic education system and deduce it in terms of Turkish education system. Accordingly, Iceland’s geographical, political and economic structure were analyzed at first in the study; the administrative and school structures of the Icelandic education system and the educational process aspect have been presented. Finally, in the study, the education systems of the two countries have been compared and made inferences have been made for the Turkish education system in line with reports of international organizations and official statistics. Accordingly, both countries have similar characteristics in terms of educational policy and objectives, management structure and school type diversity. However, municipalities are partly responsible for education in Iceland. One of the most fundamental differences between the two countries is that in Iceland it is preferable to enter the centralized examination to register at the university. As a result, it is possible to talk about the exemplary practices of the Icelandic education system, but if the population and demographic characteristics of the country are taken into consideration, it may not be possible for the same applications to give similar results for Turkey.
Keywords
- Balcı, A. (2013). Karşılaştırmalı eğitim sistemleri. Ankara: Pegem A. Yayıncılık.
- Central Intelligence Aggency-CIA (12.11.2016) Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ic.html
- EC (2008). Euroguidence Centre. Educational and vocational guidence in Iceland. Iceland: EC.
- EC (2015). European Commission. Organisation of school time in Europe: Primary and secondary general education 2015/16 school year. Luxembourg: Pub. Office of the European Union.
- EC (2015a). European Commission. The organisation of academic year in Europe 2015/16. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
- Eder, F. & Thonhauser, J. (2015). Austria (eds. W. Hörner, H. Döbert, L. R. Reuter & B. Kopp). The Education Systems of Europe (2. baskı). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
- EHEA (2003). European Higher Education Area. Iceland: National report on the Bologna process. Retrieved 12.04.2016 from http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/Documents/ICELAND_2003.PDF
- EHEA (2015). European Higher Education Area. National report regarding the Bologna process implementation 2012-2015: Iceland. Retrieved 12.04.2016 from http://www.ehea.info/Uploads/SubmitedFiles/4_2015/115811.pdf.
- Europen Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education. (10.11.2016). Retrieved from https://www.european-agency.org/country-information/iceland/national overview/complete-national-overview Eurydice (2015). Compulsory education in Europe 2015/16. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
- EURYDICE (Avrupa Eğitim Bilgi Ağı Türkiye Birimi) 01.02.2017 tarihinde http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/eurydice/ sitesinden alınmıştır
- Hansen, B. (2016). Iceland: Research on Principals in Iceland (39-61) (eds. Arlestig, H., Day, C. & Johansson, O.) A Decade of Research on School Principals: Cases from 24 Countries. Springer.
- Holmes, B. (1958). The Problem Approach in Comparative Education: Some Methodological Considerations. Comparative Education Review, 2 (1). 3-8.
- http://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/646/Iceland-TEACHING-PROFESSION.html sitesinden 06.11.2016 tarihindealınmıştır.
- http://heilsustefnan.is/english-main-page/this-is-the-english-first-page/ sitesinden 12.12.2016 tarihinde alnmıştır.
- http://www.dmjx.dk/international/students_work/pdf/icelandic_eu_membership_heavilydebated .pdf sitesinden 10.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- http://www.statice.is/statistics/society/education/ sitesinden 12.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- http://www.yok.gov.tr/web/guest/universitelerimiz;jsessionid=D8D5BF9AC5837D44CC9A665 2782FA032 sitesinden 01.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110511213824/http://www.heimur.is/heimur/leit/frettir/Default.a sp?ew_1_a_id=138249 sitesinden 10.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Iceland:Organisational_Variation s_and_Alternative_Structures_in_Early_Childhood_Education_and_Care adresinden 12.11.2016 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
- https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Iceland:Adult_Education_and_Tr aining sitesinden 12.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- http://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2012/02/28/67_prosent_myndu_hafna_esb_adild/ sitesinden 09.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- http://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2015/10/24/if-iceland-can-jail-bankers-for-the- crash- then-why-cant-america sitesinden 09.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/ sitesinden 01.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland sitesinden 04.11.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- http://www.ask.hi.is/page/LivingInIceland adresinden 10.11.2016 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
- http://www.hjalli.is/information/ adresinden 12.11.2016 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
- http://www.iceland.is/the-big-picture sitesinden 07.12.2016 tarihinde alınmıştır.
- http://www.prosperity.com/globe/iceland 01.04.2017 tarihinde sitesinden alınmıştır.
- Icelandic Legislation. (2014). Act on the education and recruitment of teachers and administrators of preschools, compulsory schools and upper secondary schools.
- Jónsson, O. P. (2016). Democratic and Inclusive Education in Iceland: Transgression and the Medical Gaze. Nordic Journal of Social Research. Vol. 7: Special issue. 75-92.
- Kandel, I. L. (1959). The methodology of comparative education. International review of education, 5(3), 270-280.
- Kristinsson, A.P. (2010). What is the official name of our country? Retrieved from http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=54970
- Marinósson, G. L. ve Bjarnason, D.S. (2015). Special Education Today in Iceland. Special education: An international perspective. 7., 1-29
- MESC (2002). Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. The education system in Iceland. Reykjavík: MESC. Retrieved from eng.menntamalaraduneyti.is/ministry/
- Nuffic (2015). The Icelandic education system described and compared with the Dutch system. Hollanda: Internationalising Education-Nuffic.
- OECD (2012a). Spending on tertiary education (indicator). Retrieved 01.04.2016 from doi: 10.1787/a3523185-en. https://data.oecd.org/eduresource/spending-on-tertiaryeducation.htm#indicator-chart.
- OECD (2014) Employment rate. Retrieved from https://data.oecd.org/emp/employment- rate.htm
- OECD (2014). Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (indicator). Retrieved 01.04.2016 from doi: 10.1787/72d1033a-en. https://data.oecd.org/youthinac/youth-not-inemployment-education-or-training-neet.htm.
- Statistics Iceland (2015). Special education pupils with official diagnosis and support for learning Icelandic 2010-2015. Retrieved from http://www.statice.is/.
- Stefansson, T. & Karlsdottir, R. (2015). Iceland (eds. W. Hörner, H. Döbert, L. R. Reuter & B. Kopp). The Education Systems of Europe (2. baskı). Switzerland: Springer International
- Sverrisdóttir, G. O. (2001). National Report on Curriculum Innovation- Iceland. Iceland: TNP Languages.
- UNESCO, International Bureu of Education (2008). Preparatory Workshop on Inclusive Education Nordic Countries. Inclusive education and Schooling in Iceland.
- Wolfensberger, M. (2015). Talent development in European higher education: Honors programs in the Benelux, Nordic and German-Speaking Countries. Springer International
- OECD (2014a). Adult education level (indicator). Retrieved 01.04.2016 from doi: 10.1787/36bce3fe-en. https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/adult-education-level.htm#indicatorchart.
- OECD (2012). Teachers' salaries (indicator). doi: Retrieved 02.04.2016 from 10.1787/f689fb91- en. https://data.oecd.org/eduresource/teachers-salaries.htm
- OECD (2013). Enrolment rate (indicator). Retrieved from doi:10.1787/1d7e7216-en. https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/enrolment-rate.htm#indicator-chart..
- OECD (2013a). Teaching staff (indicator). doi: Retrieved 01.04.2016 from 10.1787/6a32426b- en. https://data.oecd.org/eduresource/teaching-staff.htm#indicator-chart.
- Unesco Institute for Statistics (UIS) 01.11.2016 tarihinde http://www.uis.unesco.org/DataCentre/Pages/country-profile.aspx?code=TUR sitesinden alınmıştır EXTENDED ABSTRACT
